![]() In the nursery schools, lower amounts of illumination were associated with less hyperopic refractive error. The low-intensity group had 42.1% of children with zero refraction or less, while the high-intensity group had 19.3%. Mean spherical equivalent (SE) was +0.56 ± 0.03D for the low-intensity group, +0.73 ± 0.03D for the medium-intensity group, and +0.89 ± 0.03D for the high-intensity group (ANOVA P < 0.001). The mean light intensity of the low, medium, and high intensity groups differed significantly (ANOVA P < 0.001) at 359 ± 2.64 lux (range 264–431), 490 ± 2.21 lux (range 432–574), and 670.76 ± 3.73 lux (range 578–804), respectively. This study included 1131 kindergarten children with a mean age of 4.87 ± 0.33 years, of which 571 were female (50.5%). Data analysis was performed using Pearson coefficients, chi-square tests for proportions and ANOVA tests by tertiles of illuminance. Noncycloplegic refractions were measured with the PlusOptix vision A09 screening device. Light intensity was tested with a luxmeter device (Lux) inside and outside the nursery school. Methods:Ī total of 1596 children aged 4 to 5 years from 27 nursery schools were examined. The goal of this study was to measure the effect of indoor nursery school light intensity on refraction of preschool children in Israel. Increased levels of outdoor light have been found to be associated causally with decreased rates of myopia. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. ![]() The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Otzem Chassid: Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - Writing - Review & Editing. Nagham Shama-Bakri: Study design, methodology, participants recruitment. Arwa Massarwa: Study design, methodology, participants recruitment. Hadas Ben-Eli: Study design, methodology, analysis, Review & editing. Rafael Iribarren: Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing. Yuval Cohen and Rafael Iribarren have verified the underlying data.Īuthor Contributions: Yuval Cohen: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Project Administration, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing. ♭epartment of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelĪddress correspondence and reprint requests to: Yuval Cohen, Department of Ophthalmology, Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel. §Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel †Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel ∗Department of Ophthalmology, Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel
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